Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

Volume and electrolytes - Diarrhea and bowel losses cause dehydration and electrolyte derangement; check a basic metabolic panel and correct before surgery where possible.

Nutrition and anemia - Chronic disease brings malnutrition and anemia; optimize and have blood available for major cases.

Steroids and immunosuppression - Chronic steroids may require stress-dose coverage; note immunosuppressants and the associated infection risk.

VTE risk - Active IBD is prothrombotic; use VTE prophylaxis, balanced against surgical bleeding.

Bowel surgery specifics - Often urgent (obstruction, perforation, toxic megacolon), with aspiration risk and sepsis; treat accordingly.

Inflammatory bowel disease — Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis — is chronic immune-mediated intestinal inflammation with a relapsing course and systemic effects.

Beyond the gut (diarrhea, obstruction, perforation, fistulae), patients face malnutrition, anemia, dehydration and electrolyte loss, a prothrombotic state during flares, chronic corticosteroid and immunosuppressant therapy, and extraintestinal manifestations. Many present for bowel surgery, often urgently.